船用钢板移动电磁感应加热温度及变形特性

采用带间隙双回路反向电流(ODIG)感应器作为热源,基于ANSYS多物理场耦合数值模拟方法,结合感应器及周围空气动态移动方法,建立移动式电磁-热交互耦合数值模拟模型。将获得的瞬态温度作为载荷,进行热-弹塑性数值分析,研究船用钢板移动电磁感应加热温度分布和变形分布。分析不同工艺参数(感应器与钢板间隙g、钢板厚度H、电流频率F、电流峰值I_(peak)和移动速度v)对热成形(最高温度T_(um)、宽度b和厚度h)和变形(横向收缩δ_z和横向角变形θ_z)特性的影响。结果表明:温度云图为带预热的双椭圆外形;影响热成形特性的主要因素为I_(peak)、v和g;影响变形最主要的因素是I_(peak)和H。     

基于实例的船舶靠泊操纵技术探讨

船舶靠泊码头操作是驾驶员经常性经历的工作之一,也是操船中事故发生率较高的一项操作.以3个码头靠泊时的体会出发,从制定靠泊计划、了解码头情况、熟知本船性能和控制余速4个方面,进一步总结船舶靠泊码头应注意的事项.     

Highway voting system: Embracing a possible paradigm shift in traffic data acquisition

The integration of internet and mobile phones has opened the door to a new wave of utilizing private vehicles as probes not only for performance evaluation but for traffic control as well, gradually replacing the role of traffic surveillance systems as the dominant source of traffic data. To prepare for such a paradigm shift, one needs to overcome some key institutional barriers, in particular, the privacy issue. A Highway Voting System (HVS) is proposed to address this issue in which drivers provide link- and/or path-based vehicle data to the traffic management system in the form of “votes” in order to receive favorable service from traffic control. The proposed HVS offers a platform that links data from individual vehicles directly with traffic control. In the system, traffic control responds to voting vehicles in a way similar to the current system responding to prioritized vehicles and providing the requested services accordingly. We show in the paper that the proposed “voting” system can effectively resolve the privacy issue which often hampers traffic engineers from getting detailed data from drivers. Strategies to entice drivers into “voting” so as to increase the market penetration level under all traffic conditions are discussed. Though the focus of the paper is on addressing the institutional issues associated with data acquisition from individual vehicles, other research topics associated with the proposed system are identified. Two examples are given to demonstrate the impact of the proposed system on algorithm development and traffic control.     

Achieving transport modal split targets at intermodal freight hubs using a model predictive approach

The increase of international freight commerce is creating pressure on the existing transport network. Cooperation between the different transport parties (e.g., terminal managers, forwarders and transport providers) is required to increase the network throughput using the same infrastructure. The intermodal hubs are locations where cargo is stored and can switch transport modality while approaching the final destination. Decisions regarding cargo assignment are based on cargo properties. Cargo properties can be fixed (e.g., destination, volume, weight) or time varying (remaining time until due time or goods expiration date). The intermodal hub manager, with access to certain cargo information, can promote cooperation with and among different transport providers that pick up and deliver cargo at the hub. In this paper, cargo evolution at intermodal hubs is modeled based on a mass balance, taking into account hub cargo inflows and outflows, plus an update of the remaining time until cargo due time. Using this model, written in a state-space representation, we propose a model predictive approach to address the Modal Split Aware – Cargo Assignment Problem (MSA–CAP). The MSA–CAP concerns the cargo assignment to the available transport capacity such that the final destination can be reached on time while taking into consideration the transport modality used. The model predictive approach can anticipate cargo peaks at the hub and assigns cargo in advance, following a push of cargo towards the final destination approach. Through the addition of a modal split constraint it is possible to guide the daily cargo assignment to achieve a transport modal split target over a defined period of time. Numerical experiments illustrate the validity of these statements.     

车用柴油机NO_x形成及控制

相对汽油发动机污染物排放,柴油发动机CO和CH的排放较低,不到汽油机的10%,但NOX排放水平却高于汽油发动机。本文重点讨论柴油发动机排气污染物中NOx的成分及危害,分析了NO的生成机理及影响因素,提出了控制柴油机NO排放的技术和方法。     

马来西亚东海岸铁路CTCS-2级列控系统方案研究

对马来西亚东海岸铁路CTCS-2级列控系统方案进行了分析和研究;针对单线自动站间闭塞情况提出了CTCS-2级列控系统方案;通过综合比较后提出马来西亚东海岸铁路列控系统推荐方案,可为CTCS-2级列控系统在单线自动站间闭塞中的应用提供一定参考.     

A survey on modeling and control of thruster-assisted position mooring systems

This review presents a systematic summary of the state-of-the-art development of technological solutions, modeling, and control strategies of thruster-assisted position mooring (TAPM) systems. The survey serves as a starting point for exploring automatic control and real-time monitoring solutions proposed for TAPM systems. A brief historical background of the mooring systems is given. The kinematics and a simplified kinetic control-design model of a TAPM system are derived in accordance with established control methods, including a quasistatic linearized model for the restoring and damping forces based on low-frequency horizontal motions of the vessel. In addition, another two mooring line models, i.e., the catenary equation and the finite element method model, are presented for the purpose of higher-fidelity simulations. The basic TAPM control strategies are reviewed, including heading control, surge-sway damping, roll–pitch damping (for semisubmersibles), and line break detection and compensation. Details on the concepts of setpoint chasing for optimal positioning of a vessel at the equilibrium position are discussed based on balancing the mooring forces with the environmental loads and avoiding mooring line failure modes. One method for setpoint chasing is the use of a structural reliability index, accounting for both mean mooring line tensions and dynamic effects. Another method is the use of a lowpass filter on the position of the vessel itself, to provide a reference position. The most advanced method seems to be the use of a fault-tolerant control framework that, in addition to direct fault detection and isolation in the mooring system, incorporates minimization of either the low-frequency tensions in the mooring lines or minimization of the reliability indices for the mooring lines to select the optimal directions for the setpoint to move. A hybrid (or supervisory switching) control method is also presented, where a best-fit control law and observer law are automatically selected among a bank of control and observer algorithms based on the supervision of the sea-state and automatic switching logic.     

带缆水下机器人控制仿真模拟与水动力分析

本文以Fluent多重滑移网格技术对带缆水下机器人系统进行路径跟踪的仿真计算,将收放缆反馈控制与PID算法调节螺旋桨转速的双重控制策略应用于带缆水下机器人系统,并对带缆水下机器人系统升沉运动的控制误差、螺旋桨推力与转速之间的关系、缆绳系统的张力特性以及水下机器人的水动力响应做了分析。文中数值模拟结果表明,双重控制策略下,带缆水下机器人路径跟踪的控制运动较为精确,其升沉运动位移最大误差约为0.2 m;螺旋桨的转速与推力呈正相关性,转速越大,推力也越大;水下机器人沿预定轨迹运动过程中,缆绳系统张力呈现周期性震荡的变化规律,机器人主体受到的水动力荷载与多种因素相关。     

纯电动汽车能量回收控制策略研究

纯电动汽车的能量回收技术有很高的研究价值,是提高整车经济性的有效手段之一。以一种并联能量回收方案为研究对象,从再生制动原理进行分析,在电池回收能力、电机回收能力及负载功率消耗的限制前提下,提出一个合理的能量回收控制策略,兼顾整车的经济性及乘客的舒适性,并通过ADVISOR进行NEDC工况仿真验证。试验表明,与无能量回收车型对比,相同时间内该策略下整车电池SOC值明显下降缓慢,该研究为制动能量回收策略算法的进一步优化开发提供参照。     

铁路隧道钻爆施工超挖控制优化措施研究

针对目前铁路隧道超挖普遍较大的问题,从现场存在的钻孔质量不高、爆破装药结构不规范、封堵工艺落实不到位等方面进行分析,研究控制铁路隧道超挖的工艺措施。经现场多次试验证明,在周边眼采取PVC管材间隔装药及封堵水炮泥等一系列优化措施后,隧道超挖控制取得良好效果,在节约炸药单耗的同时,最大限度减少喷射混凝土超耗,降低施工成本、加快施工进度,同时也可避免因超挖太大给施工带来的危险。